The Canton consists of 10 municipalities: Breza, Doboj Jug, Kakanj, Maglaj, Olovo, Tešanj, Usora, Vareš, Zavidovići, Žepče, and 2 cities: Visoko and Zenica, which is the administrative center of the Canton. The Canton is home to around 360,000 inhabitants, which makes up 17.2% of the total population of the Federation of BiH. In terms of population, Zenica-Doboj Canton ranks third in the Federation, after Tuzla Canton and Sarajevo Canton.

The Canton has comparative advantages due to its location in the central part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, through which the Bosna River flows, as well as the M-17 main road and the railway line, connecting the north and south of BiH (with an exit and entry point to the Republic of Croatia), along with the route of the future Corridor Vc.

The Canton possesses significant resources in ores, minerals, forests, and land suitable for the production of healthy food. In addition to these resources, the area is very suitable for the development of mountain, spa, hunting, fishing, rural, and sports tourism, with a large number of interesting cultural and historical monuments from the medieval and more recent history of Bosnia.

There are nearly 2,400 registered companies in the Canton, of which about 70% are privately owned. Companies in the Canton employ nearly 68,000 workers, which accounts for 17.5% of the total number of employees in the Federation of BiH.

Zenica-Doboj Canton has very significant production capacities for the development of BiH and the wider region. These production potentials are concentrated in energy, mining, manufacturing, and transport. In the structure of the Canton's total production, manufacturing accounts for 45.41%, electricity, gas, and water supply for 34.77%, and mining for 19.82%. The Canton participates with 20.5% in the total production of the Federation of BiH.

Within the manufacturing industry, the following sectors are particularly developed: metal and metal-processing industry, wood-processing industry, production of paper and cardboard, paper and cardboard packaging, textile and leather industry, and production of construction materials. The Canton's economy, with its products and services, is export-oriented and records good results in foreign trade exchange with the world. In the total export of goods and services of the Federation of BiH, the Canton participates with 22.6%. Import coverage by exports is 99.5%, which is significantly more favorable compared to the Federation's average of 59.4% (data from 2020). The most important partners in foreign trade exchange are the following countries: Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Germany, Austria, and Italy. Companies from the Canton can offer foreign partners a wide range of high-quality products and services that have found their place in the market: high-quality brown coal for industry and households, rolled steel products, forged steel according to drawings, forged steel bars and a wide range of forgings for shipbuilding and industry, cast products made of gray, nodular, and malleable iron, oil and water pumps for engines, oil, fuel, and air filters for petrol and diesel engines, various types of filters, all types of spark plugs for engines, industrial ceramics, all types and designs of furniture, parquet, joinery, sawn timber and various elements, fashion footwear and clothing from textiles and leather, decorative fabrics and covers, paper, cardboard, paper and cardboard packaging, construction materials (cement, brick products, decorative stone, etc.), engineering services, design, construction works, tourism and transport services, banking, insurance, and other services, etc.

In addition to these products and services, foreign partners are offered diverse business cooperation and joint investments in the implementation of specific projects in the city of Zenica.